Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture (UQU for E&A) publishes original research, scientific revision, reports and case studies in the English language. The author should respect research ethics, and by all means not to assault or cause harm to any party. Editorial committee or editor-in-chief has the right to drop or add whatever convenient without affecting research results. The author should also bring an official letter from an approved institution showing language and grammar revision. The submitted manuscript should be typed double-spaced with a 3 cm margin in all sides, using Time Roman font size 12 normal for the text, use size 14 Bold for main titles, and 12 Bold for subtitles. Submission should be made through the journal website. Manuscripts should not be submitted elsewhere for publication. In the case of co-authors, a letter of authorization from corresponded author/s is needed. Papers should not exceed 20 pages for engineering disciplines and 25 pages for architectural and environmental design disciplines.

Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Engineering and Architecture (UQU for E&A) publishes original research, scientific revision, reports and case studies in the English language. The author should respect research ethics, and by all means not to assault or cause harm to any party. Editorial commit...